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    OlympiadHardCombinatorics10–12

    How many surjections exist from a 4-element set to a 3-element set?

    Quantas sobrejeções existem de um conjunto de 4 para um de 3 elementos?

    Answer options

    Solution

    By inclusion-exclusion: 34−(31)⋅24+(32)⋅14=81−48+3=363^{4} - \binom{3}{1} \cdot 2^{4} + \binom{3}{2} \cdot 1^{4} = 81 - 48 + 3 = 36.